Skellefteå, lying between the Skellefteälv and the Gulf of Bothnia, is mentioned in the records as a trading town in 1621, but received its municipal charter only in 1845. In 1912 the railroad reached the town, and this, combined with the expansion of the Boliden gold mines, led to rapid development in the 1920s. The incorporation of neighboring settlements, some of them as much as 20km/12.5mi away, has contributed to giving the town its present population of 74,000.
The "church town" of Lövånger, 50km/30mi south of Skellefteå, has 100 wooden houses that were used for the overnight accommodation of worshippers, some dating from the 14th century. They have been carefully restored and are now rented to holiday visitors.
16km/10mi southeast of the Skellefteå town center is the port of Skelleftehamn. St Örjan's Church (1935), has a roof and bells of Boliden copper and contains an altarpiece of the Spanish school, perhaps by Velázquez.
From Skelleftehamn there are boat services to Jakobstad and Kokkola in Finland.
Adjoining the Skellefteå Municipal Park is the Town House (1955), which contains a fine mosaic by Evert Lundquist. The Town Church, in neo-Baroque style (1927), has a striking doorway of black granite; the interior was designed by Carl Fagerberg and Gunnar Torhamn. Skellefteå also has the most northerly terrarium and tropical house in the world.
The central area of Skellefteå, still showing its original rectangular plan, is well preserved, with wooden houses in typical Norrland style. In the Nordanåparken and Bonnstan districts are numbers of 17th century "church houses" (providing overnight accommodation for churchgoers traveling from a distance). Close by are the Regional Museum (bronze ornaments of A.D. 300-400) and the 18th century Church of the Provincial Assembly, which incorporates some medieval work and contains a collection of medieval sculpture in wood and a beautiful reredos. Below the church is the Lejonströmsbro (1737; 312m/341yds long), the longest wooden bridge in Sweden still carrying motor traffic.