From Santarém, a river port on the Amazon founded in 1661, it is 2202km/1368mi upstream (west) to Manaus; Belém, capital of Pará, lies 1369km/851mi east. The town, situated at the junction of the Rio Tapajós with the Amazon, is the second largest in the state of Pará and one of the oldest settlements in the Amazon basin.
The Museu dos Tapajós displays some 3000 examples of the craft products of the Tapajó, Tapuio and Munducuru Indians. Typical products of the Tapajó culture are the muraquitãs - small frogs, turtles or snakes carved from black, red or grey stone which are believed to give protection against evil spirits. The Indians also produce well-formed pottery.
The fishing village of Alter do Chão, south-west of Santarém on the Rio Tapajós, can be reached by boat (2 hours) or on an unsurfaced road (35km/22mi). It has the finest river beach in the area.
68km/42mi south-west of Santarém, on the road to Cuiabá, is Belterra, formerly called Fordlândia, where in the late 1920s the Ford Company established huge plantations which were wiped out in 1945 by fungal disease.
15km/9.3mi from the town is the Maicá Lagoon, with the Pouso das Garças ("Resting-Place of the Herons"), where hundreds of white herons gather at sunset.
In the upland region of Monte Alegre, on the Amazon to the east of Santarém, are hot mineral springs (40°C/104°F). The area is also famed for its cave paintings.
North-west of Santarém, at a point when the Amazon narrows to only 1km/.7mi wide, is the old episcopal town of Obidos (pop. 48,000), which has preserved many colonial buildings. The town center and its immediate surroundings are particularly worth seeing.
The Amazonia National Park, north of the Rio Tapajós in the communes of Itaituba (Pará) and Maués (Amazonas), covers an area of 1,000,000 hectares/2,500,000 acres. At least 10% of the park has recently been destroyed by gold-prospectors.
The park lies some 370km/230mi south-west of Santarém. It is reached on a side road branching off the Transamazìnica which runs via Belterra to Alter da Chão; then from there by boat to Itaituba.