Guadalajara, chief town of its province, situated above the left bank of the Río Henares some 56km/35mi from Madrid, is now very much under the influence of the capital. Its name is derived from the Arabic Wad al-Hajarah ("river of stones"). The powerful Mendoza family, who gained possession of
Guadalajara in the 14th century, left their mark on the town. During the Spanish Civil War, in March 1937, the "battle of Guadalajara" between Republican and Italian forces was fought at Brihuega, northeast of the town.
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