Kuruman lies in arid country on the northwestern borders of the Northern Cape Province. It grew up round the source of the Kuruman River, the ''Eye of Kuruman'', a spring which produces 18 to 20 million liters (4 to 4.5 million gallons) of water a day - enough to supply the town with water and irrigate a 6km/4mi long valley
The economy of the area is based on mining and cattle-farming.
In 1821 Robert Moffat founded here what became the best known mission station in the whole of South Africa. Here he baptized the first members of the local Tswana tribe in 1829, translated the Bible into their language, which had never previously been written, and printed the first copies himself on a simple printing-press. From here David Livingstone set out on his journeys of exploration into the interior of Africa, and here too, in the mission church, he married Moffat's daughter Mary in 1838. The mission is now run by the United Congregational Church of Southern Africa.
Kuruman is an attractive little town which preserves some buildings dating from the early days of the mission. The Eye of Kuruman, in a beautiful park, gushes out of a cleft in the dolomitic rock and fills a small pond. The park with its shady trees is an ideal spot for a relaxed picnic.