Settlers arrived in the early 1800s and set up along the creeks and rivers. A military road was made to connect Lake Erie and Ontario, with a defensive blockhouse built on the south bank of the Tonawanda Creek. In December 1813, the British and their Indian allies burned the blockhouse and all but one of the few settlers buildings.
The Museum focuses on the history of the City of Tonawanda in Erie County and the City of North Tonawanda in Niagara County. At one time the Tonawandas were the largest lumber port in the world. The museum is housed in the New York Central Railroad station built in 1886.