Munich - German Museum

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of farms ca. 1800 and 1960) and outdoor (machines for working land; sowing and harvesting; technological improvements over the centuries; tractors; models), milk processing (19th century Alpine hut with cheese-making equipment; development of butter and cheese manufacture, model dairy), milling (techniques of flour production, mortars, grinders, hand mills, 18th century corn mill, models; 18th century oil mill), sugar production (history of sugar-cane and sugar-beet extraction with geographical focus on e.g. the Caribbean; models of the first sugar-beet factory and a modern factory for comparison; various types of equipment).

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demonstrating manufacturing technology.

Not to be missed are a very innovative display of an Airbus 300 shown in cut-away sections to reveal construction and inner workings.

Visitors can enter a war-time Ju-52 tri-motor airliner and see examples of most of the early German jet and rocket powered military aircraft.

One gallery is devoted to early aviation up to and including World War I.

Early Aviation Hall on the first floor of the German Museum displays:

Natural flight, balloons and airships, kites, early flight technology up to 1918, flight mechanics, aerodynamics.

Mementos and memorabilia of Otto Lilienthal.

Modern Aviation Hall on the first floor displays:

Post-First World War development of propeller-driven civil and military aircraft (Junkers F 13, 1919, Messerschmidt Bf 109 E, 1938, Junkers Ju 52/3m, 1932), piston engines and propellers (BMW radial engines, large Pratt and Whitney engines).

Modern Aviation Hall on the ground floor displays:

Jet and turbo-prop engines, turbo-jet and other aircraft (the rocket-propelled Messerschmidt Me 163, 1941, Messerschmidt Me 262, 1944, Lockheed F 104 "Starfighter", HFB 320 Hansa Jet, details of the Airbus A 300), helicopters (including MBB BO 105, Sikorsky S-55; rotor construction), gliders (Vampyre and sf 24 Phoenix, etc.), various test planes (e.g. Rochelt-Solair), light aircraft, full-sized model of Spacelab.

Modern Aviation Hall on the first mezzanine floor dispalys:

Flight control and navigation systems, panel instruments and automatic pilot, demonstration models (model airport), flight safety and airfields, cockpit of a commercial aircraft.

Modern Aviation Hall second mezzanine floor displays:

Aeronautical medicine, emergency rescue and safety equipment (oxygen apparatus, protective clothing, ejector seat, emergency shute, life-raft), development of model plane construction.

Modern Aviation Hall on the second floor displays:

Introductory feature "Space and space travel", development of rocket and space technology, aggregates and rocket propulsion, models of carrier rockets including A4 rockets (V2; the world's earliest large-scale rocket), manned spaceflight (dioramas of the 1971 moon-landing, reconstruction of the Mercury capsule), satellites and probes (receiving station for weather satellite pictures, prototypes of the Helios space probe built in 1974), space technology, planetary exploration.

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1817 velocipede, early bicycles, penny-farthings, sprung-wheeled bicycles, military folding bikes, racing bikes).

Motor vehicles:

Pre-1900 motor cars including an 1885 Daimler and Maybach and 1886 Benz automobile, 1881 Serpollet steam car, electric cars, classic automobiles, touring cars such as the 1914 Audi, racing cars (e.g. a 1936 16-cylinder Auto Union), utility vehicles (1935 Magirus turntable-ladder), motor-assisted bicycles, motor-cycles, motor scooters, automobile technology (chassis design, propulsion, bodywork, crash-testing, aerodynamics and prototypes), vehicle production (BMW robot assembly line); films on various aspects of automobile history.

One of the primary displays is a Porsche 959 chassis. Only 200 of the cars were ever made, with 10 extra chassis which were donated to various museums.

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and memory chips; micro-electronics applications, micro-electronics and computer sciences.

Computing and automation:

Mathematical instruments, calculators, cryptographic devices, punched card machines, mechanical differential analysers, analog computers, early computers, working reconstruction of the "Zuse Z3" (one of the world's first program-controlled computers, made by Konrad Zuse in 1941), modern mainframe computer ("Cray-1"). Tele-communications:

The physics and technology of telecommunications; cable transmission; radio engineering; telephone exchanges; radio and television broadcasting; terminals; remote control technology.

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preparation of raw materials, design.

Drying and firing, brick-making, ceramic workshop.

Glass-making:

Crude glass, hollow, sheet and special glass, glass manufacture and processing, glass-blowing.

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in 1957. (On display in the grounds of the Deutsches Museum since 1987, it is a great favorite with the public);

Mitropa restaurant car, built in 1928. (Serves refreshments in summer).

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pipelines and other transport systems, storage, energy use, petrochemicals, environmental problems.

Mining:

Shaft-drilling, transport underground, ore extraction, pit surveying, safety, salt-mining, processing, coke and briquette production.

Open-cast mining:

Extraction methods; lignite mining.

Metalworking:

Crude iron and steel, blast furnaces, the Bessemer converter, electric steel furnaces, forging, rolling, drawing, casting and moulding, bell founding, cutting.

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a number of the highly efficient type of water-driven turbines used in hydro-electric power generation.

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Development of writing, writing implements and machines, relief printing, gravure printing, flat-bed printing, book-binding, offset printing, photosetting, photo-reproduction.

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Puffing Billy (1814) and Bavarian express locomotive S 3/6 (1912). Electric trains, among them the world's first electric powered locomotive built by Siemens in 1879, diesel locomotives including e.g. the V 140 (1935), mountain railroads (rack, cableway and cable-car railroads); 40sq.m/430sq.ft model railroad lay-out (demonstrations throughout the day).

Tunnelling:

Rock-drilling machinery, shoring, sections of tunnels (Simplon Tunnel, Munich Underground tunnel).

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Brander-Raum:

Scientific instruments used by G. F. Brander (1713-83) who was one of the founders of the Kurbayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences). Specially noteworthy is an azimuth quadrant made in 1761.

Fraunhofer-Raum:

Collection of scientific instruments belonging to Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826), Georg von Reichenbach (1772-1826) and Joseph Liebherr (1767-1840), in particular a prism spectroscope, heliometer and astronomical universal theodolite.

New energy technology:

The nature of energy, main energy sources, energy from uranium, energy saving, renewable energy sources (wind energy, the tides, geothermal energy, biomass).

Physics:

Different branches of physics, history of mechanics, forces, freely falling bodies, Galileo Room, mass, liquids, gases, oscillation, heat and cold, measurement of temperature, electro-static, magneto-static, electric currents, X-rays, gas discharge, electro-magnetism, optics.

There are several pieces of apparatus of great interest including Otto von Guericke's Magdeburg hemispheres (1663), the first opthalmoscope, made by Helmholtz in 1851, valves produced by C. F. Röntgen (1896), and equipment used by Heinrich Hertz in his 1889 experiments in electro-magnetism.

Chemistry:

Alchemy, 18th century laboratory from Lavoisier's time, 19th century laboratory of J. von Liebig (1803-1873), matter, atoms, molecules, chemical reactions, chemical analysis, chemical synthesis, biochemistry, history of pharmacy (reconstruction of the pharmacy at the St Emmeran Monastery in Regensburg, ca. 1800).

Industrial chemistry:

Chemistry and energy, chemistry and health, chemical processes and methods, chemistry and nutrition, artificial coloring, man-made fibers, the study of carbons, various experimental set-ups, synthetic materials.

Atomic, nuclear and experimental physics:

Models of atoms, quantum theory, quantum mechanics, protons, neutrons, electrons, nuclear physics.

Ground floor and basement:

Welding and soldering:

Soldering, pressure-, electron beam, thermite, gas-arc and other forms of welding, welding robots.

Measurement of time:

Sundials, water-clocks, hour-glasses and mechanical clocks (clockmaker's workshop), electrical clocks (also quartz clocks).

Weights and measures:

Development of measures and measuring apparatus for length, volume and mass; weighing scales.

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interesting and comprehensive (information: tel. 2179220).

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lathes, drilling and milling equipment, CNC-driven machines and a model of the computer-controlled factory of the future.

Powered machinery:

Various muscle power machines, windmills, water-mills, steam engines, steam turbines, water-driven turbines, Otto engines, diesel engines, engine parts, rotary-piston engines, gas turbines, jet-propulsion engines.

Electrical power technology:

Development of DC, AC and three-phase current technology, static converters, power stations, energy distribution, high-tension systems. Daily demonstrations (11am, 2pm, and 4pm) include experiments with high-tension AC current and simulated lightning strikes.

Hydraulic engineering:

Urban water-management, river regulation, canal construction, harbors (e.g. Hamburg), coastal protection.

Road and bridge construction:

Development of road-building illustrated by models (section of a Germanic plank roadway ca. 180 B.C.; different types of bridge construction in timber, stone, iron, steel and concrete).

Technical toys:

Building, construction and experimental science sets.