Bressanone, Italy

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Bressanone was founded in 901 on the remains of an old settlement. In 970 Bishop Albuin transferred the seat of the bishopric to Bressanone; the first Ottonian cathedral was built c. 990. In 1091 the town became the center of the Bressanone diocese; the town wall was erected in the 12th century and farther north the Neustift convent was founded. In 1179 Frederick I granted the Bishop the right to mint coins, to conduct markets and to levy taxes, as well as full legal jurisdiction. In 1348 the town was afflicted by the plague; in 1444 many buildings were destroyed in a fire. The famous humanist and theologist Cusanus (Nikolaus van Kues) was from 1450 to 1451 bishop of Bressanone.

Building of the Baroque cathedral was begun in 1745, but is was not consecrated until 1758. From 1797 onwards during the Napoleonic Wars the town was occupied by the French; however, after the defeat of the French army in the battle of Spinges the occupying forces withdrew.

The German deputation order of 1803 put an end to ecclesiastical sovereignty in Bressanone; from 1806 to 1814 the town was under Bavarian rule and then it became part of Tyrol.