Pilos

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small reefs. The entrance at the north end is the strait of Sykia, only 100m/110yd wide and much silted up, which runs between Sfaktiría and the 250m/820ft high hill of Koryfásion, below which is the Osman Aga lagoon.

The Mycenaean kingdom of Pylos was conquered by Neleus, and thereafter was ruled by his youngest son, Nestor. In 1939 Carl Blegen discovered at Epáno Englianós a site belonging to that period.

In the seventh-sixth century B.C. a Dorian settlement named Pylos was established on Mt Koryfásion, at the north end of the bay. In 425 B.C., during the Peloponnesian War, the town was occupied by the Athenians, who also captured the island of Sphakteria (Sfaktiría) and took its Spartan defenders prisoner.

In the A.D. 13th century a Crusading knight, Nicolas de Saint-Omer, built a castle here (Palaiókastro, the "Old Castle"), which was later successively held by Venetians and Turks. In 1573 the Turks built a new castle (Neókastro) on the hill of Áyios Nikólaos at the south end of the bay, and in 1825, during the war of Greek independence, Ibrahim Pasha made this his headquarters during his Peloponnesian campaign.

Buses from Kalamáta and Athens.