The old free imperial city and Hanseatic town of Mühlhausen lies on the river Unstrut between the Hainich plateau and the Oberes Eichsfeld. It has associations with Thomas Müntzer, the theologian who became a leader in the Peasant War of 1524-25.
In the Kornmarkt in Mühlhausen stands the Franciscan Church, an aisleless Gothic church of the 13th-14th centuries. Restored in 1973-75, it is now a memorial to the German Peasant War of 1524-25.
The old town of Mühlhausen (protected as a historic monument) is in the course of restoration. In the Untermarkt is the parish church of St Blaise (Blasius). Originally Romanesque, it was rebuilt in 1260 as a basilica with a vaulted roof and then (1270 onwards) continued as a Gothic hall-church with groined vaulting and round piers. The west end, with its octagonal towers (1260), is Early Gothic. The church was completed in the mid 14th century.
Mühlhausen has preserved considerable remains of its old town walls (Stadtmauer), which were begun in the 13th century. The best stretches are to the north of the Inneres Frauentor (rebuilt 1654), on the street called Hinter der Mauer, and on the Lindenbühl. Along the top of the walls runs a wall-walk, beginning at the Marientor, with three medieval towers, the largest of which is the Rabenturm. The wall-walk and the Rabenturm are open to the public.
Adjoining St Mary's Church in Mühlhausen, on the site of a medieval warehouse, is the three-story Brotlaube, which dates in its present form from 1722.
Burghers' houses
Mülhausen has preserved a number of notable burghers' houses. In the vicinity of St Mary's Church, for example, there are Herrenstrasse 1 (Thomas Müntzer's house), Holzstrasse 1 (the old Thurn und Taxis post-office), Marienkirche 6 (after 1820; neo-classical interior) and the "Goldener Stern" inn (1542) at Obermarkt 8. There are others around All Saints Church, including the Handwerkerhaus (1795).
Close by Mühlhausen's parish church is the 13th C St Anne's Chapel, which originally belonged to the Teutonic Order, as well as a number of handsome old burghers' houses, among them the Late Gothic Bürenhof (1607) and the Altes Backhaus (Old Bakehouse; 1631).
On Ratsstrasse in Mühlhausen is the Town Hall (Rathaus), a building of some architectural interest incorporating work of different periods, partly stone-built and partly half-timbered. In the Gothic main building are the Councillors' Room of 1571 and the large Council Chamber. In the south wing are the Municipal Archives, with a permanent exhibition of archives and period furniture. In the courtyard can be seen a fountain of 1747.