Edinburgh - St Giles Cathedral

The patron saint of Edinburgh gave his name to Edinburgh's High Kirk of St Giles. St Egidius or St Gilles du Gar was born in Athens in 640 and later lived as a hermit in Provence. His links with Scotland go back to the old ties between Scotland and France.

Consecrated in 1243, the cathedral is Edinburgh's principal church. Although it is often described as a cathedral, it has only functioned as such since the 17th century. A church stood on the same spot in the middle of the ninth century, but it was replaced by a Norman-style chapel in 1120. Work started on the Gothic church at the end of the 14th century after its Norman predecessor was burnt down by Richard II. Only an entrance portal and part of the choir remain. About 1460 the church was extended to the east, before St Giles received a charter from James II which placed the cathedral directly under the authority of the Pope. The "Crown Steeple", a Late Gothic central tower (161ft/49m high) with eight arched buttresses forming a huge crown, has become a symbol for the church. The four octagonal pillars which support the tower are said to be parts of the original Norman construction. When in the first half of the 16th century the reformer John Knox returned to Edinburgh from exile and took over as minister of the parish, the Scottish church was withdrawn from papal control, the 44 altars of St Giles were removed, the statue of St Egidius sunk in Nor' Loch and the pulpit raised to a prominent central position. After the Reformation the building was partitioned. Parliamentary sittings were held in the western section and other parts served as a school, court and prison. Between 1750 and 1830 the cathedral housed up to four parish churches. During the 19th and 20th centuries large-scale restoration work was undertaken, many stained glass windows were installed and the old internal partitions removed.