On the west coast of Langeland lies the capital Rudkøbing, a picturesque place with narrow winding streets and stately merchants' mansions. Most of the old houses are in Brogade, Østergade and Gåsetorv.
Rudkøbing offers a mix of old school charm as well as modernity. Shopping stores are interwoven with dated buildings and cobble-stone streets.
The Langeland Museum at Jens Winthersvej 12 in Rudkøbing is a Museum of Pre- and Early History, formed following the discovery of numerous archaeological sites in the region. Archaeological and local collections are exhibited, including swords and armor from the Viking period.
The Old Pharmacy (det gamle Apotek) at Brogade 15 in Rudkøbing, a museum with old pharmaceutical equipment, is the birthplace of Hans Christian Orsted (1777-1851), one of the great 19th C. physicists who established the theory of electromagnetism. On Gåsetorv there is a statue of him by the sculptor H. Vilhelm Bissen.