Chiusi, Italy

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became a considerable Etruscan city, a member of the Etruscan league of twelve cities and equal in status to such major centers as Tarquinia, Populonia and Vetulonia. A King of Chiusi named Porsenna (Macaulay's "Lars Porsena of Clusium"), in alliance with Tarquinius Superbus, was strong enough to attack even Rome, which made efforts to shake off Etruscan dominance. After its defeat by Rome it became known as Clusium. In the fifth century A.D. it became the see of a bishop, and after being held by the Goths and the Lombards it passed into the hands of Orvieto, Siena and finally Florence during the later Middle Ages.