Izapa

The archaeological zone at Izapa, scarcely 11km/7mi east of Tapachula, encompasses the remains of what was once the largest centre of pre-Hispanic culture on the Pacific coast of Meso-America. This ancient temple city was a site of major importance from as early as about 1500 bc right up to ad 900, i.e. from the early formative period through to the end of the Classic era. Quite apart from its numerous artificial earth mounds, temple platforms, inner courtyards and ball court, what makes the 4sq.km/1.5sq.mi Izapa archaeological zone so special are the 50 or more carved stone monuments, the majority dating from as early as 300-50 bc Many show clear Olmec influence while others have features characteristic of the transition to the Mayan style. Some of the stelae for example bear bas-reliefs portraying an unusual "long lipped" god. Unquestionably the most important among these finds is Stela 5, carved with ancient deities and a tree of life, probably a representation of the myth of creation. The road cuts through the archaeological zone, dividing it into two sectors. About 600 m (650 yd) away to the right in the southern sector, the Grupo Central comprises an overgrown earth mound and ceremonial plaza containing a number of stelae and altars, including Stela 5. The Grupo del León is similar in arrangement, the most important item in this case being Monument 2 depicting a jaguar with a human figure in its jaws. The northern sector on the left hand side of the road incorporates a dozen or so pyramidal platforms, an overgrown earth mound, the ball court and various stelae and altars, including the remains of Stela 60 and the ornate Stela 67. Fragments of further stelae are exhibited in the museum in Tapachula.