Tortola

... More >

suggests the Indian groups that settled on the island were Ciboney, Igneri and Taíno communities. In 1515 passing Spanish gold miners named the island Tortola for the turtle doves nesting there. The 16th C did not bring any settlements to Tortola, however many explorers such as Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins navigated the pass south of the island. During the 17th C, various pirates hid out on Tortola and attacked passing ships. Tortola was formally claimed by Holland in 1648 when a settlement was established in present-day Road Town. In 1666, a band of British drove out the Dutch, claiming Tortola, only to be displaced by the French. The English returned and reclaimed Tortola in 1672.

Colonists flooded the island in the 18th C and the population rapidly grew. In 1727 Quakers began establishing plantations producing sugar, molasses, cotton, ginger, mahogany, coffee and rum. By the 1770s the slave population had grown to more than 6,000. Tortola reached its economic peak around 1805, but changing conditions in Europe and the end of the slave trade sent Tortola in a downward spiral. Tension between white settlers and black slaves mounted until the abolition of slavery in British colonies in 1834. Many freed slaves migrated to Trinidad, and a riot in 1853 caused almost all of the remaining whites to leave the island.

Tortola remained mostly depopulated until the 1960s when the growing popularity of windsailing attracted European and American sailors to Tortola and other British Virgin Islands. Development ensued rapidly in the 1980s and 1990s, and many of the island's homes and buildings were erected in the last 40 years. Today, tourism is still relatively new on Tortola so the villages seem more subdued than resort-like. Many visitors use Tortola as a jumping-off point to other British Virgin Islands.