Grunewald

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cent of the trees were felled by freezing Berliners, who had no other form of fuel for heating. Since then the woods have been completely replanted, and now house a wide range of birds and other wildlife, including fallow deer, roe deer, wild pigs (in the Saubucht) and moufflon. The Grunewald is traversed by an Ice Age melt-water channel with areas of moor and fen and three little lakes, the Pechsee, Barssee and Teufelssee. The total area of the nature reserves, containing rare species of plants and animals, is 111 hectares/274 acres. The Grunewald, originally a royal hunting reserve, was opened to the public only at the end of the 19th C. In 1915 it was acquired by the city. Numerous lakes in the eastern part (Hundekehlesee, Grunewaldsee, Schlachtensee, Krumme Lanke) and 9km/5.5mi of riverbank along the Havel in the west offer facilities for bathing. Other popular features are the Teufelsberg, the Grunewald Tower, the Schildhorn and Grunewald Hunting Lodge. Between Nikolassee and Grunewald runs the Avus, Germany's first motor-racing circuit, opened in 1921.